# Issues in Law & Medicine - A Journal of the Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine

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- [Home](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/): Issues in Law & Medicine is an open-access peer reviewed professional medical and legal journal. The journal was founded in 1985 and is published semi-annually.
- [Authors](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/attention-authors/): Authors for Biomedical or Legal Manuscripts : We welcome your manuscript submission. As you prepare for submitting your manuscript, please have these items readily available, as you will be called to upload them during your manuscript submission:Title PageAbstract with hypothesis, methods, results and conclusionsBody of the text for biomedical manuscripts which includes introduction, hypothesis, materials
- [About](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/about/): About Issues in Law and Medicine A Journal of the Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine (ILM JAHM: ISSN 2377-6463 ) is a peer reviewed biomedical, ethical and legal professional journal dedicated to exploring issues at the intersection of health care, ethics and law which affect the most vulnerable human beings in our communities. See History.ScopeILM
- [History](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/about/history/): History of ILM Issues in Law and Medicine was founded in 1985 by the National Legal Center for the Medically Dependent & Disabled, Inc. Subscribers included law libraries, medical libraries, university libraries, court libraries, attorneys, physicians, university professors and other scholars, primarily in the U.S. and Canada, but also in Austria, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Italy,
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- [ILM JAHM Competing Interest Policy](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/ilm-jahm-competing-interest-policy/): ILM JAHM Competing Interest Policy ILM JAHM requires disclosure of both financial competing interests and non-financial competing interests for the purpose of transparency.Definition of financial competing interestILM JAHM defines a financial competing interest as any relationship that an author holds which offers the potential for monetary gain or loss for the author or close family
- [ILM JAHM Human Subject Research Policy](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/policies/ilm-jahm-human-subject-research-policy/): ILM JAHM Human Subject Research Policy ILM JAHM complies with the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) regarding Protection of Research Participants:“All investigators should ensure that the planning, conduct, and reporting of human research are in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration as revised in 2013. All authors should seek approval to conduct research
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- [Reviewer Questions for BioMedical Manuscripts](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/reviewer-questions-for-biomedical-manuscripts/): Reviewer Questions for BioMedical manuscripts Reviewer Disclosure of Competing Interests For this particular manuscript, do you or your spouse or your child under age 18 have any financial association with any commercial entity which might have an interest in the area of work in the submitted manuscript? For this particular manuscript, do you have any
- [Review Questions for Ethical & Legal Manuscripts](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/review-questions-for-ethical-legal-manuscripts/): Review Questions for Ethical & Legal Manuscripts Reviewer Disclosure of Competing InterestsFor this particular manuscript, do you or your spouse or your child under age 18 have any financial association with any commercial entity which might have an interest in the area of work in the submitted manuscript?For this particular manuscript, do you have any
- [ILM JAHM Animal Research Policy](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/ilm-jahm-animal-research-policy/): ILM JAHM Animal Research Policy ILM JAHM will consider manuscripts for research performed with animal models which is performed in accordance with the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory AnimalsIn order to process your manuscript, we will need acknowledgement that your animal research has been conducted in compliance with each of the tenets
- [ILM JAHM Peer Review Policy](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/policies/ilm-jahm-peer-review-policy/): ILM JAHM Peer Review Policy Issues in Law and Medicine A Journal of the Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine (ILM JAHM) publishes only those manuscripts which have undergone the peer review process. There are two types of peer review possible for manuscripts submitted to ILM JAHM:Double Anonymized (Double Blinded) Peer ReviewIn this process, the Associate Editor
- [ILM JAHM Editorial Policy](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/policies/ilm-jahm-editorial-policy/): ILM JAHM Editorial Policy Ethical, timely, effective peer review is fundamental to a journal. The Editorial Board of Issues in Law and Medicine is responsible for managing and assuring the integrity of the peer review process. Editors and Associate Editors are responsible to:Ensure that a journal’s aims and scope are kept up-to-date.Give unbiased consideration to
- [ILM JAHM Data Sharing Policy](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/policies/ilm-jahm-data-sharing-policy/): ILM JAHM Data Sharing Policy ILM JAHM encourages but does not require sharing of scientific data which undergirded the submitted research in accordance with the Data Management Practices outlined by the Office of Research Integrity of the National Institute of Health. NIH Data Sharing policy and grant request available here.
- [IILM JAHM Ethical Misconduct Policy](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/policies/iilm-jahm-ethical-misconduct-policy/): IILM JAHM Ethical Misconduct Policy Complaints about ethical misconduct in the process of animal or human subject research, or affecting data integrity, data analysis, or data interpretation will be evaluated by the Editorial Board of ILM JAHM. Complaints must contain sufficient detail as to allow for verification or refutation.Authors of the manuscript will be contacted with
- [ILM JAHM Plagiarism and Duplicate Publication Policy](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/policies/ilm-jahm-plagiarism-and-duplicate-publication-policy/): ILM JAHM Plagiarism and Duplicate Publication Policy Plagiarism (unattributed use of large portions of text and/or data) is not acceptable in manuscripts submitted to ILM JAHM. Duplicate publication of identical text or data is a violation of copyright and may involve civil penalties for copyright infringement, published notification of duplication and/or retraction of the duplicated
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## Authors

- [Matthew Eppinette, MBA, PhD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/matthew-eppinette-mba-phd/)
- [Francis S. Nuthalapaty, MD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/francis-s-nuthalapaty-md/)
- [Ingrid Skop, M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/ingrid-skop-m-d/)
- [Zachary B. Sluzala, PhD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/zachary-b-sluzala-phd/)
- [Derek M. Doroski](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/derek-m-doroski/)
- [David C. Reardon, PhD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/david-c-reardon/)
- [Rylie Severson](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/rylie-severson/)
- [Cole Stull](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/cole-stull/)
- [Rachel Vander Woude](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/rachel-vander-woude/)
- [Peter Patelli](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/peter-patelli/)
- [Isabella Dammeyer](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/isabella-dammeyer/)
- [Dominic Zak](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/dominic-zak/)
- [Anna Cecilia Gessler](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/anna-cecilia-gessler/)
- [Patricia K. Giebink, M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/patricia-k-giebink-m-d/)
- [Martha W. Shuping, M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/martha-w-shuping-m-d/)
- [Li Zhenkang](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/li-zhenkang/)
- [Michael Varveris, M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/michael-varveris-m-d/)
- [Elise Rose, PhD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/elise-rose-phd/)
- [Daniel Wechter, M.D. dip ABOG](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/daniel-wechter-m-d-dip-abog/)
- [Patrick Fagan, Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/patrick-fagan-ph-d/)
- [David L. Rosenthal, M.B.A., J.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/david-l-rosenthal-m-b-a-j-d/)
- [Debbie Garratt, R.N., M.Ed.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/debbie-garratt-r-n-m-ed/)
- [Murray Joseph Casey, M.D., M.S., MBA, Ph.D., FACOG, FACS](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/murray-joseph-casey-m-d-m-s-mba-ph-d-facog-facs/)
- [Hamza Abed AL-Karim Hammad, M.A., Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/hamza-abed-al-karim-hammad-m-a-ph-d/)
- [Burk Schaible](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/burk-schaible/)
- [Clarke D. Forsythe, J.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/clarke-d-forsythe-j-d/)
- [Carl Landwehr, M.A.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/carl-landwehr-m-a/)
- [Jeffrey J. Pauls, Ph.D](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/jeffrey-j-pauls-ph-d/)
- [Jennifer Kimball](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/jennifer-kimball/)
- [Anne R. Morse](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/anne-r-morse/)
- [Steven W. Mosher, M.S., M.A.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/steven-w-mosher-m-s-m-a/)
- [Steven J. Condly, Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/steven-j-condly-ph-d/)
- [Joel Brind, Ph.D](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/joel-brind-ph-d/)
- [Jennie E. Brightup, M.S., LCMFT](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/jennie-e-brightup-m-s-lcmft/)
- [Anne Speckhard, Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/anne-speckhard-ph-d/)
- [Catherine T. Coyle, RN, Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/catherine-t-coyle-rn-ph-d/)
- [Margita Prokeinová, J.D., Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/margita-prokeinova-j-d-ph-d/)
- [Radovan Blažek, J.D., Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/radovan-blazek-j-d-ph-d/)
- [Martin McCaffrey, M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/martin-mccaffrey-m-d/)
- [Rocel Medina Baggot, M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/rocel-medina-baggot-m-d/)
- [Patrick James (Paddy Jim) Baggot, M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/patrick-james-paddy-jim-baggot-m-d/)
- [Eoghan de Faoite, M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/eoghan-de-faoite-m-d/)
- [Nora Sullivan, M.P.A.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/nora-sullivan-m-p-a/)
- [Veronica Khauv, B.S.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/veronica-khauv-b-s/)
- [Matthew P. Harrison, M.D](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/matthew-p-harrison-m-d/)
- [Shuai Xu, M.D., MSc. (Lond.)](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/shuai-xu-m-d-msc-lond/)
- [Jessica R. Walter, M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/jessica-r-walter-m-d/)
- [Emily L. Hayman, M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/emily-l-hayman-m-d/)
- [Caroline E. Bednarski, M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/caroline-e-bednarski-m-d/)
- [Ofelya Gevorgyan, M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/ofelya-gevorgyan-m-d/)
- [Comeron W. Ghobadi, M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/comeron-w-ghobadi-m-d/)
- [Toni C. Saad, M.A.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/toni-c-saad-m-a/)
- [Andrew Steele, M.D., FACOG](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/andrew-steele-m-d-facog/)
- [Mahesh Ananth, Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/mahesh-ananth-ph-d/)
- [Piotr Lisowski, L.D](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/piotr-lisowski-l-d/)
- [Alexander Gariti, MBE, HEC-C](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/alexander-gariti-mbe-hec-c/)
- [Aaron Kheriaty, M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/aaron-kheriaty-m-d/)
- [Zeynep Taner](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/zeynep-taner/)
- [Meliha Sermin Paksoy](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/meliha-sermin-paksoy/)
- [American College of Pediatricians](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/american-college-of-pediatricians/)
- [John Keown, D.C.L.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/john-keown-d-c-l/)
- [Brent Rooney M.Sc.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/brent-rooney-m-sc/)
- [Angela Lanfranchi, M.D., FACS](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/angela-lanfranchi-m-d-facs/)
- [Paul S. Zhou](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/paul-s-zhou/)
- [Jonathan Mack, Ph.D., NP, RN](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/jonathan-mack-ph-d-np-rn/)
- [Thidarat Tinnakornsrisuphap Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/thidarat-tinnakornsrisuphap-ph-d/)
- [Mary Davenport, M.D., M.S.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/mary-davenport-m-d-m-s/)
- [George Delgado, M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/george-delgado-m-d/)
- [Assya Pascalev, Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/assya-pascalev-ph-d/)
- [Kristof Van Assche, Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/kristof-van-assche-ph-d/)
- [Zbigniew Ras](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/zbigniew-ras/)
- [Maka Tsulukidze](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/maka-tsulukidze/)
- [Christopher Craver](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/christopher-craver/)
- [John W. Fisher](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/john-w-fisher/)
- [Tessa Longbons Cox](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/tessa-longbons-cox/)
- [James Studnicki](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/james-studnicki/)
- [Michael Valley MD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/michael-valley-md/)
- [Christina A. Cirucci M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/christina-a-cirucci-m-d/)
- [Paul Benjamin Linton, J.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/paul-benjamin-linton-j-d/)
- [Yana Sadykova](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/yana-sadykova/)
- [Tetiana Malanchuk](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/tetiana-malanchuk/)
- [Tetiana Shlapko](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/tetiana-shlapko/)
- [Valeriia Myrhorod-Karpova](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/valeriia-myrhorod-karpova/)
- [Elena Kiselyova](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/elena-kiselyova/)
- [Nataliia Vasiuk](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/nataliia-vasiuk/)
- [Olena Chernetchenko](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/olena-chernetchenko/)
- [Valeriia Mamka](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/valeriia-mamka/)
- [Inna Semenets-Orlova](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/inna-semenets-orlova/)
- [Olena Korolchuk](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/olena-korolchuk/)
- [Mary Harned, JD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/mary-harned-jd/)
- [Kevin Duffy, MPH](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/kevin-duffy-mph/)
- [Calum Miller, MD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/calum-miller-m-d/)
- [Christopher J. Doyle, MA, LPC, LCPC](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/christopher-j-doyle-ma-lpc-lcpc/)
- [Patrick J. Marmion, M.D., M.P.H.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/patrick-j-marmion-m-d-m-p-h/)
- [Bradley N. Kehr, J.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/bradley-n-kehr-j-d/)
- [Hamza Abed Al-Karim Hammad, Ph.D](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/hamza-abed-al-karim-hammad-ph-d/)
- [Priscilla K. Coleman, Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/priscilla-k-coleman-ph-d/)
- [Byron Calhoun, M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/byron-calhoun-m-d/)
- [Jennifer Wright, MD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/jennifer-wright-md/)
- [Grace M. McCartney](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/grace-m-mccartney/)
- [Daniel P. Casey](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/daniel-p-casey/)
- [David Paton BSc, MA, PhD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/david-paton-bsc-ma-phd/)
- [John Keown, MA, DPhil, PhD, DCL](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/john-keown-ma-dphil-phd-dcl/)
- [Martin J. McCaffrey, M.D](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/martin-j-mccaffrey-m-d/)
- [National Catholic Bioethics Center](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/national-catholic-bioethics-center/)
- [National Catholic Partnership on Disability](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/national-catholic-partnership-on-disability/)
- [Association of American Physicians & Surgeons](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/association-of-american-physicians-surgeons/)
- [Christian Medical & Dental Associations](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/christian-medical-dental-associations/)
- [National Association of Catholic Nurses](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/national-association-of-catholic-nurses/)
- [Catholic Medical Association](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/catholic-medical-association/)
- [Shuai Xu MD MSc](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/shuai-xu-md-msc/)
- [Jessica R. Walter MD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/jessica-r-walter-md/)
- [Leah Welty PhD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/leah-welty-phd/)
- [Jennifer L. Beaumont MS](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/jennifer-l-beaumont-ms/)
- [Shelun Tsai MD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/shelun-tsai-md/)
- [Timothy M. Janetos MD MBA](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/timothy-m-janetos-md-mba/)
- [Comeron W. Ghobadi MD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/comeron-w-ghobadi-md/)
- [Tara Sander Lee, Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/tara-sander-lee-ph-d/)
- [Monique Chireau Wubbenhorst, M.D., MPH](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/monique-chireau-wubbenhorst-m-d-mph/)
- [Colleen Malloy, M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/colleen-malloy-m-d/)
- [Professional Ethics Committee of AAPLOG](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/professional-ethics-committee-of-aaplog/)
- [Catarina de Freitas, M.P.H.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/catarina-de-freitas-m-p-h/)
- [Tomas Fitzgerald, LL.B.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/tomas-fitzgerald-ll-b/)
- [Madeleine Hay, J.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/madeleine-hay-j-d/)
- [Marilyn Bromberg, LL.B., Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/marilyn-bromberg-ll-b-ph-d/)
- [Irene H. Ericksen, M.S.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/irene-h-ericksen-m-s-2/)
- [Robin Pierucci, M.D., M.A.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/robin-pierucci-m-d-m-a/)
- [Quentin L. Van Meter, M.D., F.C.P.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/quentin-l-van-meter-m-d-f-c-p/)
- [Qingxiu Bu, LL.M., LL.M, Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/qingxiu-bu-ll-m-ll-m-ph-d/)
- [Gregory K. Pike, Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/gregory-k-pike-ph-d-2/)
- [Marianna Orlandi, Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/marianna-orlandi-ph-d/)
- [Sun Goo Lee, LL.B., M.P.H., M.S.L., D.J.S.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/sun-goo-lee-ll-b-m-p-h-m-s-l-d-j-s/)
- [Frederick J. White III, M.D., FACC, FCCP, MBA, HCEC-C](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/frederick-j-white-iii-m-d-facc-fccp-mba-hcec-c/)
- [American Association of Pro-Life Obstetricians & Gynecologists](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/american-association-of-pro-life-obstetricians-gynecologists/)
- [David A. Prentice, Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/david-a-prentice-ph-d/)
- [James L. Sherley, M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/james-l-sherley-m-d/)
- [Kathleen M. Schmainda, Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/kathleen-m-schmainda-ph-d/)
- [Maria B. Feeney, Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/maria-b-feeney-ph-d/)
- [A. Lee Beckstead, Ph.D](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/a-lee-beckstead-ph-d/)
- [G. Tyler Lefevor, Ph.D](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/g-tyler-lefevor-ph-d/)
- [Christopher H. Rosik, Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/christopher-h-rosik-ph-d/)
- [Sigmund Seiler M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/sigmund-seiler-m-d/)
- [Michael D. Lockwood D.O.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/michael-d-lockwood-d-o/)
- [Benjamin D. Beran M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/benjamin-d-beran-m-d/)
- [Donna J. Harrison M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/donna-j-harrison-m-d/)
- [Kathi Aultman M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/kathi-aultman-m-d/)
- [Steven Andrew Jacobs, J.D., Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/steven-andrew-jacobs-j-d-ph-d/)
- [Dr. Jur., LLM](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/dr-jur-llm/)
- [Blanka Bartos](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/blanka-bartos/)
- [Ashley Blake, M.S. IV](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/ashley-blake-m-s-iv/)
- [Dara Seybold, M.A.A.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/dara-seybold-m-a-a/)
- [Lesli Taylor, M.A.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/lesli-taylor-m-a/)
- [Jennifer DePond, R.N.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/jennifer-depond-r-n/)
- [Angela Casto, R.N.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/angela-casto-r-n/)
- [Paul Dietz, M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/paul-dietz-m-d/)
- [Akhil Patel, M.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/akhil-patel-m-d/)
- [Pamela S. Kohlmeier, M.D., J.D., FACEP](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/pamela-s-kohlmeier-m-d-j-d-facep/)
- [Maria Howard, Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/maria-howard-ph-d/)
- [Anna L. Walsh, LL.M](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/anna-l-walsh-ll-m/)
- [Elvis I. Šeman, MBBS, Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/elvis-i-seman-mbbs-ph-d/)
- [Deirdre T. Little, MBBS](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/deirdre-t-little-mbbs/)
- [Timo Istace, LL.M.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/timo-istace-ll-m/)
- [Michal Pruski, Ph.D., M.A., M.Sc.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/michal-pruski-ph-d-m-a-m-sc/)
- [Anderson M. R. Alves, Ph.D](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/anderson-m-r-alves-ph-d/)
- [Marta M. S. Calçada, M.S.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/marta-m-s-calcada-m-s/)
- [Gregory K. Pike, Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/gregory-k-pike-ph-d/)
- [McKamie J. Chandler](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/mckamie-j-chandler/)
- [Theresa Flores, LSW, MS](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/theresa-flores-lsw-ms/)
- [Laura J. Lederer, JD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/laura-j-lederer/)
- [Gregory J. Roden, J.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/gregory-j-roden-j-d/)
- [Stan E. Weed, Ph.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/stan-e-weed-ph-d/)
- [Irene H. Ericksen, M.S.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/irene-h-ericksen-m-s/)
- [Kamila Kocanda, JD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/kamila-kocanda-jd/)
- [Dr. George Mulcaire-Jones](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/dr-george-mulcaire-jones/)
- [Dr. Robert Scanlon](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/dr-robert-scanlon/)
- [Marilyn Singleton, MD, JD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/marilyn-singleton-md-jd/)
- [Jeffrey Wright, MD, FACOG](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/jeffrey-wright-md-facog/)
- [Olga Adamczyk–Gruszka, MD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/olga-adamczyk-gruszka-md/)
- [Michael A. Taylor, S.T.D.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/michael-a-taylor-s-t-d/)
- [Joseph Zanga, MD, FAAP, FCPeds](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/joseph-zanga-md-faap-fcpeds/)
- [Steven Sartori, MD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/steven-sartori-md/)
- [Richard Sandler, MD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/richard-sandler-md/)
- [Lauren Gordon, MD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/lauren-gordon-md/)
- [Erin Adams, MD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/erin-adams-md/)
- [Kaitlin VanderKolk, MD, MPH](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/kaitlin-vanderkolk-md-mph/)
- [Grace Carson, MD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/grace-carson-md/)
- [Marguerite Duane, MD, MHA](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/marguerite-duane-md-mha/)
- [Hans Timmerman](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/hans-timmerman/)
- [Regina L. M. van Boekel](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/regina-l-m-van-boekel/)
- [Ludo S. van de Linde](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/ludo-s-van-de-linde/)
- [Ewald M. Bronkhorst](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/ewald-m-bronkhorst/)
- [Kris C. P. Vissers](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/kris-c-p-vissers/)
- [Selina E. I. van der Wal](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/selina-e-i-van-der-wal/)
- [Monique A. H. Steegers](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/authors/monique-a-h-steegers/)

## Articles

- [Conscience, Competence, and Compliance: A Proposal for Ethical and Legal Reform of ACGME Abortion Training Standards Post-Dobbs](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/conscience-competence-and-compliance-a-proposal-for-ethical-and-legal-reform-of-acgme-abortion-training-standards-post-dobbs/): Following Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, the ACGME’s abortion training standards face growing tensions with state laws and the conscience rights of physicians and institutions. This article examines these conflicts through bioethical principles and virtue ethics, arguing that medical education should cultivate both clinical competence and professional integrity. It proposes four reforms: separating federal graduate medical education funding from abortion training, aligning requirements with state laws, protecting conscience-based institutional exemptions, and adopting an opt-in framework for trainees. Through alternative training pathways, these proposals seek to maintain educational rigor while respecting moral convictions and legal restrictions, supporting a more ethically pluralistic approach to medical education.
- [A Critical Analysis of the FDA’s 2021 Mifepristone REMS Modification Rationale Review](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/a-critical-analysis-of-the-fdas-2021-mifepristone-rems-modification-rationale-review/): Mifepristone was first approved in 2000 in conjunction with misoprostol to induce abortion, and both its initial approval and subsequent regulation have been controversial. In 2021, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) undertook a full review of the mifepristone Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) program, with the aim of assessing the necessity of each of the three Elements to Assure Safe Use (ETASUs) present in the mifepristone REMS, including ETASU C, the “in-person dispensing requirement.” Following this review, the FDA concluded that ETASU C could be safely removed and that mifepristone could be safely dispensed outside of the previously approved settings. This paper seeks to critically analyze the 2021 REMS Review, as well as the studies cited therein to determine whether the evidence presented by the FDA sufficiently substantiated this decision.
- [Viewing D&E Abortion Procedure Promotes Negative Emotions](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/viewing-de-abortion-procedure-promotes-negative-emotions/): How well does the public understand what occurs during a second-trimester Dilation and Evacuation (D&E) abortion—and could seeing the procedure affect how people perceive it? Although D&E is the most common surgical abortion procedure used during the second trimester, many publicly available descriptions provide limited detail about what it involves. This lack of clarity may influence how patients and the broader public understand and evaluate abortions performed after the first trimester. In this pilot study, researchers surveyed participants before and after they watched an animated depiction of a D&E procedure. The study explored whether viewing the animation affected participants’ perceived understanding, emotional responses, and pro-life or pro-choice affiliations. The findings reveal notable changes in how participants understood and emotionally responded to the procedure, raising important questions about informed consent, public awareness, and whether greater knowledge of D&E may influence attitudes toward abortion over time.
- [Risk factors predictive of post-abortion distress demonstrate that most abortions are contraindicated: A retrospective cross-sectional study.](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/risk-factors-predictive-of-post-abortion-distress-demonstrate-that-most-abortions-are-contraindicated-a-retrospective-cross-sectional-study/): For physicians respecting the time-honored Hippocratic Oath, it is clear that induced abortion is a moral evil precisely because it involves the deliberate destruction of a human life. But there is also clear evidence that induced abortion is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, gestational diabetes mellitus, thyroid-related diseases, placenta-related diseases, and Asherman syndrome increased risk of premature and low birth weight deliveries in subsequent pregnancies, and premature death from multiple causes. Even more common than physical sequelae, abortion is an independent risk factor for the onset or worsening of mental illnesses, as demonstrated in both record linkage studies and case-control studies. These and other studies have firmly established that abortion may trigger, exacerbate, complicate or otherwise contribute to new or existing mental illnesses.
- [Anti-Progesterone in Environmental Water](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/anti-progesterone-in-environmental-water/): Past research has shown that endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), including steroid hormones, synthetic estrogens and progestins found in oral contraceptives, are present in water supplies. This problem remains an environmental and health concern, especially given the widespread use of contraceptives and the increased prevalence of medication abortion in recent years. These compounds have a number of deleterious effects on human and animal biology, particularly aquatic animals. Small amounts of these chemicals (parts per trillion) can affect the endocrine system of animals and humans. Progestins, including specifically the anti-progesterone synthetic steroid hormone mifepristone, have been found to have disruptive effects on the fertility and reproduction of fish. Moreover, further highlighting the potential for environmental toxicity and contamination, the FDA recommends treating any unused mifepristone pills as hazardous waste.
- [Beyond Genetic Discrimination: Emerging Challenges in the Age of Artificial Intelligence](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/beyond-genetic-discrimination-emerging-challenges-in-the-age-of-artificial-intelligence/): With the deep integration of artificial intelligence and biotechnology, the paradigm of genetic discrimination is undergoing a fundamental transformation. Rather than relying on specific genetic markers, AI systems may infer individuals’ underlying biological risks through proxy data. This emerging form of discrimination, conceptualized in this article as “Algorithmic Proxy Genetic Discrimination” (APGD), is predictive, opaque, and structural. However, China’s existing Personal Information Protection Law and fragmented anti-discrimination framework remain insufficient to address this problem. In addition, APGD raises profound ethical and social challenges. To mitigate these risks, this article proposes a tiered regulatory approach: (1) controlling the misuse of proxy variables at the data input stage; (2) strengthening transparency and auditing in algorithmic decision-making; and (3) establishing an outcome-oriented mechanism for anti-discrimination liability and rights protection.
- [How Controversy and Socioeconomic Factors Influence Stem Cell Research](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/how-controversy-and-socioeconomic-factors-influence-stem-cell-research/): Adult stem cells dominate worldwide stem cell clinical trials. We investigated factors that may explain levels of stem cell research across different countries. Stem cell trials from clinicaltrials.gov were counted and categorized based on the country, the type of stem cell used, and whether that type is ethically controversial. The trial data were compared with characteristics of the countries such as population and GDP. We looked at the general ethical position of the countries by ranking their favorability toward abortion via their legislation. We found GDP...
- [Normal Breast Physiology: The Reasons Hormonal Contraceptives and Induced Abortion Increase Breast-Cancer Risk](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/normal-breast-physiology-the-reasons-hormonal-contraceptives-and-induced-abortion-increase-breast-cancer-risk/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [A Second Opinion: Response to 100 Professors](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/a-second-opinion-response-to-100-professors/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Breast Cancer and Induced Abortion: A Comprehensive Review of Breast Development and Pathophysiology, the Epidemiologic Literature, and Proposal for Creation of Databanks to Elucidate All Breast Cancer Risk Factors](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/breast-cancer-and-induced-abortion-a-comprehensive-review-of-breast-development-and-pathophysiology-the-epidemiologic-literature-and-proposal-for-creation-of-databanks-to-elucidate-all-breast-cance/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [The Scientific Consensus on When a Human’s Life Begins](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/the-scientific-consensus-on-when-a-humans-life-begins/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Medical Emergency Exceptions in State Abortion Statutes: The Statistical Record](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/medical-emergency-exceptions-in-state-abortion-statutes-the-statistical-record/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Refocusing the Undue Burden Test: Inconsistent Interpretations Pose a Substantial Obstacle to Constitutional Legislation](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/refocusing-the-undue-burden-test-inconsistent-interpretations-pose-a-substantial-obstacle-to-constitutional-legislation/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [From Birth Mothers to First Mothers: Toward a Compassionate Understanding of the Life-Long Act of Adoption Placement](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/from-birth-mothers-to-first-mothers-toward-a-compassionate-understanding-of-the-life-long-act-of-adoption-placement/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Doubling the Rate of Neurologic Development in Down Syndrome: A Pilot Study](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/doubling-the-rate-of-neurologic-development-in-down-syndrome-a-pilot-study/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Dignum et justum est: Obamacare and Travail of the Little Sisters](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/dignum-et-justum-est-obamacare-and-travail-of-the-little-sisters/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Medical Experiments on Persons with Special Needs, A Comparative Study Of Islamic Jurisprudence vs. Arab Laws: UAE Law as Case Study](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/medical-experiments-on-persons-with-special-needs-a-comparative-study-of-islamic-jurisprudence-vs-arab-laws-uae-law-as-case-study/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Improving the Accuracy of Maternal Mortality and Pregnancy Related Death](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/improving-the-accuracy-of-maternal-mortality-and-pregnancy-related-death/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [The Medical Assumption at the Foundation of Roe v. Wade & Its Implications for Women’s Health](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/the-medical-assumption-at-the-foundation-of-roe-v-wade-its-implications-for-womens-health/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Healthcare and Planned Parenthood: The Significance for Pro-Life OB/GYNs](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/healthcare-and-planned-parenthood-the-significance-for-pro-life-ob-gyns/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [The Myth That Abortion is Safer Than Childbirth: Through the Looking Glass](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/the-myth-that-abortion-is-safer-than-childbirth-through-the-looking-glass/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Risk of HIV Infection in Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/risk-of-hiv-infection-in-depot-medroxyprogesterone-acetate-dmpa-users-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [The Relationship of Abortion and Violence Against Women: Violence Prevention Strategies and Research Needs](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/the-relationship-of-abortion-and-violence-against-women-violence-prevention-strategies-and-research-needs/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [How to Provide a Legal Safe Harbor for Mothers of Unwanted Newborns](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/how-to-provide-a-legal-safe-harbor-for-mothersof-unwanted-newborns/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Abortion’s Impact on Prematurity: Closing the Knowledge Gap](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/abortions-impact-on-prematurity-closing-the-knowledge-gap/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Fetal Therapy for Down Syndrome: Report of Three Cases and a Review of the Literature](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/fetal-therapy-for-down-syndrome-report-of-three-cases-and-a-review-of-the-literature/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Psychological Impact of Abortion due to Fetal Anomaly: A Review of Published Research](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/psychological-impact-of-abortion-due-to-fetal-anomaly-a-review-of-published-research/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Embryo Survival After Mifepristone: A Systematic Review of the Literature](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/embryo-survival-after-mifepristone-a-systematic-review-of-the-literature/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Medical Malpractice Web Advertising: A Qualitative, Cross-sectional Analysis of Plaintiff Medical Malpractice Firms In Suffolk County, Massachusetts](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/medical-malpractice-web-advertising-a-qualitative-cross-sectional-analysis-of-plaintiff-medical-malpractice-firms-in-suffolk-county-massachusetts/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Euthanasia in Belgium: Legal, Historical and Political Review](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/euthanasia-in-belgium-legal-historical-and-political-review/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Teaching OB/GYN Residents Bioethics Within a Catholic Healthcare Context](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/teaching-ob-gyn-residents-bioethics-within-a-catholic-healthcare-context/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Clinical Decision-Making:The Case Against the New Casuistry](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/clinical-decision-makingthe-case-against-the-new-casuistry/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Committee Opinion 12 - Ethical Treatment of Human Embryos](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/committee-opinion-12-ethical-treatment-of-human-embryos/): Each of us began our existence as a human embryo, and from our embryonic beginnings, we experience continuous development and differentiation throughout life.2 As medical professionals who live out the Hippocratic Oath3, we have a compelling responsibility to the human beings under our care. As medical professionals in Obstetrics and Gynecology, we have a long history of recognizing that both the pregnant mother and the human being in her womb are our patients. “Through quality perinatal care, the specialty promotes the health and well-being of the pregnant woman and her fetus.”4 We have the privilege and responsibility to care for both of them. Our responsibility to care for our youngest patients begins when a new human organism begins.
- [Reconsidering the Ethical Framework of DMV-based First-Person Authorization for Organ Donation](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/reconsidering-the-ethical-framework-of-dmv-based-first-person-authorization-for-organ-donation/): This article critically examines the ethical dimensions of utilizing Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV)-based First Person Authorization (FPA) for organ donation. While ostensibly designed to uphold patient autonomy, DMV-based FPA raises significant ethical concerns due to its lack of informed consent and limited impact on organ donation rates. Drawing on principles of autonomy, informed consent, and medical ethics, this article argues for a reevaluation of current practices and proposes alternative approaches that prioritize genuine informed decision-making.
- [Advantages and Disadvantages of Soft Drugs Legalisation at State Level](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-soft-drugs-legalisation-at-state-level/): The relevance of the study lies in the contrasting perspectives on the legalisation and decriminalisation of soft drugs beyond their medical applications. Although there is ongoing public discussion over the benefits of legalizing soft drugs, Ukraine’s current legal system does not represent a cohesive strategy. The study aims to conduct a substantiated study of the disadvantages and advantages of the legalisation of soft drugs at the state level, with a forecast of risks associated with the introduction of permissive mechanisms for their use for recreational purposes, and to compare national peculiarities with the positions of legislators of other countries and existing experience in this area. To achieve this goal, the method of analysing approaches and instruments for regulating drug trafficking at the supranational and local levels of different countries.
- [Abortion and Mental Health: What Can We Conclude?](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/abortion-and-mental-health-what-can-we-conclude/): Recent legal challenges to state abortion laws argue that abortion is necessary to protect women’s mental health. This paper reviews the relevant research literature on the relationship between abortion and various mental health outcomes. Despite multiple studies hypothesizing that abortion may be therapeutic for pregnant women with mental health conditions, there are no empirically established mental health benefits of abortion. There is, however, substantial empirical evidence that abortion worsens mental health outcomes for at least some women, particularly those with pre- existing mental health conditions. While the nature and degree of mental health risks from abortion remains a disputed question, we offer some conclusions that find strong support in the existing research literature.
- [Counseling the Abortion-Vulnerable Patient](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/counseling-the-abortion-vulnerable-patient/): Induced abortion is defined as a procedure done to end a pregnancy in such a manner as to avoid a live birth ie intentional feticide. Many physicians will encounter patients considering intentional feticide (induced abortion) for various reasons. Such interactions present an opportunity not only to create a lasting bond with the patient, but also to open doors for her to explore possibilities she may not have considered, and thereby enable her to make a life-affirming decision. Given the importance of offering accurate information about induced abortion and continuation of pregnancy, this Guideline provides guidance and resources for the prolife physician encountering an abortion-vulnerable patient.
- [Turnaway Study Report Unethically Violated Participants’ Privacy and Misleads Public with a Non-Representative Sample, Selective Reporting, and Overstated Conclusions](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/turnaway-study-report-unethically-violated-participants-privacy-and-misleads-public-with-a-non-representative-sample-selective-reporting-and-overstated-conclusions/): David C. Reardon, examines the results from the Turnaway Study, by Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health (AN- SRH), which have widely been represented as definitive proof that women denied access to abortion will suffer severe injury to their health and economic wellbeing. Yet a careful examination reveals that the study is based on a non-random, non-representative sample of women that grossly under-represents the experiences of the majority of women undergoing abortions.
- [First Pregnancy Abortion or Natural Pregnancy Loss: A Cohort Study of Mental Health Services Utilization](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/first-pregnancy-abortion-or-natural-pregnancy-loss-a-cohort-study-of-mental-health-services-utilization/): While both induced abortion and natural pregnancy loss have been associated with subsequent mental health problems, population-based studies directly comparing these two pregnancy outcomes are rare. We sought to compare mental health morbidity after an induced abortion or natural loss.
- [A Statement on Abortion by 170 Obstetricians/Gynecologists after the  Reversal of Roe v Wade](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/a-statement-on-abortion-by-170-obstetricians-gynecologists-after-the-reversal-of-roe-v-wade/): In a recent American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 900 professors submitted a Special Report calling for reinstating federal protection for abortion. Here, we provide an alternative consensus statement. Induced abortion is not a constitutional right. We, too, value patient autonomy, but autonomy does not allow for causing harm to another human being, in this case, the human fetus. We share concern about maternal mortality in the United States, but evidence shows that induced abortion increases, not decreases, maternal mortality.
- [Challenging Vavřička: Questioning Compatibility of the Mandatory Tetanus Vaccination with ECHR](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/challenging-vavricka-questioning-compatibility-of-the-mandatory-tetanus-vaccination-with-echr/): The compatibility of mandatory vaccinations with human rights has become a very current issue with the COVID-19 pandemic and the Vavřička ruling by the European Court of Human Rights. This ruling has faced criticism for not conducting examinations related to disease and vaccines based on direct scientific evidence. In this analysis, an assessment will be made based on direct scientific evidence about tetanus and its vaccine.
- [Amicus Curiae Brief of AAPLOG -  Gloria Kato Karungi, Plaintiff-Appellant vs. Ronaldlee Ejalu, Defendant-Appellee](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/amicus-curiae-brief-of-aaplog-gloria-kato-karungi-plaintiff-appellant-vs-ronaldlee-ejalu-defendant-appellee/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Induced Abortion: Risks That May Impact Adolescents, Young Adults, and Their Children](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/induced-abortion-risks-that-may-impact-adolescents-young-adults-and-their-children/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [“Voluntary Assisted Dying” in Australia: The Victorian Parliamentary Committee’s Tenuous Case for Legalization](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/voluntary-assisted-dying-in-australia-the-victorian-parliamentary-committees-tenuous-case-for-legalization/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Induced Abortion as an Independent Risk Factor for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies on South Asian Women](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/induced-abortion-as-an-independent-risk-factor-for-breast-cancer-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-studies-on-south-asian-women/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [A Case Series Detailing the Successful Reversal of the Effects of Mifepristone Using Progesterone](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/a-case-series-detailing-the-successful-reversal-of-the-effects-of-mifepristone-using-progesterone/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Where Are We Heading? The Legality of Human Body Transplants Examined](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/where-are-we-heading-the-legality-of-human-body-transplants-examined/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Committee Opinion 11: Non-Representation of Pro-Life OB/GYNs in the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/committee-opinion-11-non-representation-of-pro-life-ob-gyns-in-the-american-college-of-obstetricians-and-gynecologists/): The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) is the default professional organization for obstetricians and gynecologists in the United States. Unfortunately, ACOG’s policy and treatment of abortion is more radical than a large section of the country’s obstetricians and gynecologists.
- [Practice Guideline 5: The Association between Surgical Abortion and Preterm Birth: An Overview](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/practice-guideline-5-the-association-between-surgical-abortion-and-preterm-birth-an-overview/): Evidence in peer-reviewed literature from 168 studies over fifty years points to a causal, dose-response relationship between surgical abortion and subsequent preterm birth. This document provides an overview of this literature, discusses mechanisms for this effect, demonstrates the strength of evidence for causality, and offers guidance for informed consent prior to surgical abortion.
- [Practice Guideline 11: A Detailed Examination of the Data on Surgical Abortion and Preterm Birth](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/practice-guideline-11-a-detailed-examination-of-the-data-on-surgical-abortion-and-preterm-birth/): Overwhelming evidence from 168 studies over fifty years points to a clear dose-response relationship between surgical abortion and subsequent preterm birth. The 2018 National Academy of Sciences report considered only five of these 168 studies and represents a biased sample that underreports a significant association between surgical abortion and subsequent preterm birth.
- [AAPLOG Practice Bulletin No. 2: Fetal Pain](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/aaplog-practice-bulletin-no-2-fetal-pain/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [AAPLOG Practice Bulletin No. 3: Previable Induction of Labor for Chorioamnionitis](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/aaplog-practice-bulletin-no-3-previable-induction-of-labor-for-chorioamnionitis/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [State Regulation of Ensuring the Quality Medical Care During Martial Law in Ukraine: Lessons for the International Community](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/state-regulation-of-ensuring-the-quality-medical-care-during-martial-law-in-ukraine-lessons-for-the-international-community/): In this article, Olena Korolchuk et al. examines state regulation of medical care quality post-COVID and during martial law in Ukraine, identifying areas for improvement. It emphasizes state roles in healthcare standardization, continuous feedback monitoring, and studying patient satisfaction. Interrelationships among Ukraine’s state regulation mechanisms are determined, highlighting the need to enhance tools such as criteria and quality indicators for medical care assurance. The authors utilize various scientific methods, including analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction, as well as historical and legal, formal legal, and comparative legal methods to examine the state regulation of ensuring the quality of medical care during martial law in Ukraine. The article considers the interrelationships of mechanisms and instruments of state regulation of quality assurance of medical care in Ukraine. It concludes that the state should enhance medical care quality regulation, drawing on international experiences from the EU and the USA and adapting best practices to national circumstances. The resilience of the healthcare system depends on effective quality assurance, ensuring preparedness, stability, and ongoing improvement prospects.
- [A Reanalysis of Mental Disorders Risk Following First-Trimester Abortions in Denmark](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/a-reanalysis-of-mental-disorders-risk-following-first-trimester-abortions-in-denmark/): In this article, David Reardon analyzes a Danish study of monthly and tri-monthly rates of first-time psychiatric contact following first induced abortions reported higher rates compared to first live births but similar rates compared to nine months pre-abortion. The researchers in that study con- cluded abortion has no independent effect on mental health; and any differ- ences between psychiatric contacts after abortion and delivery are entirely attributable to pre-existing mental health differences. But these conclusions are inconsistent with similar studies that used longer time frames. Reardon’s re-analysis reveals that the Danish data is consistent with the larger body of both record-based and survey-based studies when viewed over periods of ob- servation of at least nine months. Longer periods of observation are necessary to capture both anniversary reactions and the exhaustion of coping mecha- nisms which may delay observation of post-abortion effects.
- [An Evaluation of US Medical Schools’ Reproductive Health and Family Planning Curricula](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/an-evaluation-of-us-medical-schools-reproductive-health-and-family-planning-curricula/): Knowledge and competency in the topics of reproductive health and family planning are important for primary care physicians. Given the high rates of unintended pregnancy, increasing rates of infertility and other gynecologic conditions, it is important for medical students, many of whom will become primary care physicians, to receive good foundational knowledge of reproductive health topics.
- [Misleading Statements About “Life of the Mother” Exceptions in Pro-life Laws Require Correction](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/misleading-statements-about-life-of-the-mother-exceptions-in-pro-life-laws-require-correction/): Mary Harmed, J.D., and Ingrid Skop, M.D., in this article, correct misleading statements in a recent Obstetrics & Gynecology article. No state has an abortion law that is a total ban on abortion. Every state law permits abortion when necessary to save a mother’s life. Texas law does not require an “imminent” risk and allows a doctor to use his “reasonable medical judgment” to determine if an abortion is necessary to prevent a “risk” of maternal death. Similarly, Idaho allows a doctor to use his “good faith medical judgment” to determine when to intervene, without need for “immediacy.”
- [In Vitro Fertilization, State Wrongful Death Statutes, and State Fetal Homicide Statutes: The Reaction to LePage v. Center for Reproductive Medicine](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/in-vitro-fertilization-state-wrongful-death-statutes-and-state-fetal-homicide-statutes-the-reaction-to-lepage-v-center-for-reproductive-medicine/): In this article, Paul Benjamin Linton, Esq., examines the implications of the Alabama Supreme Court decision in LePage v. Center for Reproductive Medicine, which held that the parents of human embryos that were negligently destroyed at a fertility clinic could bring an action for damages under the State’s wrongful death statute. Although the Alabama legislature promptly enacted a law essentially overturning the state supreme court’s decision, concerns have been raised that the court’s decision might influence courts in other States to interpret their wrongful death statutes, or possibly even their fetal homicide statutes, to apply in similar circumstances, thereby threatening the availability of in vitro fertilization (IVF) technology. This article addresses those concerns.
- [United Kingdom Data Deficiencies Influencing U.S. FDA Decisions](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/united-kingdom-data-deficiencies-influencing-u-s-fda-decisions/): Ingrid Skop, M.D., et al., in this article, discusses the implications of the U.S. FDA permanently removing the in-person prescribing requirements that previously safeguarded the use of mifepristone/misoprostol medical abortions, allowing prescribing through telemedicine or on-line ordering and distribution through the mail and pharmacies, without standard pre-abortion testing. This will increase the risk of complications due to failure to adequately determine the gestational age or rule out ectopic pregnancy by ultrasound or physical exam, failure to perform labs to document whether RhoGAM is indicated, and failure to obtain appropriate informed consent to prevent unwanted abortions, among other concerns. The FDA justified this action by referencing flawed studies with significantly undercounted complications. The details of these study deficiencies are examined in this article.
- [International Standards and Features of Financing in the Field of Health Care and Provision of Medical Services](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/international-standards-and-features-of-financing-in-the-field-of-health-care-and-provision-of-medical-services/): In this article, Elena Kiselyova et al. surveys the peculiarities of international standards in the field of health care and medical services, as well as the prospects of their implementation in Ukraine. Leading re- search methods are general and special research methods, including meth- ods of logic, analysis, comparison. The results outline recommendations for the use of international standards in the field of health care and medical services in Ukraine and summarizes the legal framework. The significance is reflected in that this study can serve as a basis for outlining future chang- es in legislation on the functioning of the health care system and imple- mentation of world practices in health care. Within the framework of this study, it systematizes the main international and European documents that reflect the main international standards in the field of health care and medical services as ratified in Ukraine.
- [Abortion and Public Policy: Review of U.S. Catholic Bishops’ Teaching and the Future](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/abortion-and-public-policy-review-of-u-s-catholic-bishops-teaching-and-the-future/): The U.S. Roman Catholic bishops have been earnest participants in the contemporary public policy debate on abortion. This article reviews the bishops’ main policy documents in which the Church’s teaching on abortion is applied, first, within the context of the debate on abortion policy that was underway in the states before Roe v. Wade, and, second, within the grave and challenging situation thereafter when a right to abortion was made the law of the land.
- [Law, Ethics and Lockdowns: Impacts on Life, Liberty and the Economy](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/law-ethics-and-lockdowns-impacts-on-life-liberty-and-the-economy/): Many people worldwide, particularly those with disabilities and the elderly, suffered greatly not only as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic but also as a result of the lockdowns. In this article we set out widely-accepted ethical criteria for assessing when coercive public health measures are justified. We then review the empirical evidence, not least concerning the benefits and costs of the lockdowns...
- [Limiting Conscience Rights in Obstetrics and Gynecology](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/limiting-conscience-rights-in-obstetrics-and-gynecology/): The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) released a Committee Opinion in November 2007 titled “The Limits of Conscientious Refusal in Reproductive Medicine.” This document, claiming to speak on behalf of the entire profession of Obstetrics and Gynecology, proposed that conscience rights of healthcare professionals have limits with regard to certain aspects of patient care. Despite calls for revision from many within the profession, this document was reaffirmed in 2016, unchanged. This document provides a detailed analysis of the ethical flaws in ACOG Committee Opinion 385.
- [Ethical Research Involving Fetal Human Subjects](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/ethical-research-involving-fetal-human-subjects/): This guideline on fetal tissue research discusses the moral status of the human fetus, the state of ethics for medical research on vulnerable subjects, aspects of medical research using human fetal tissue, and the necessity of including fetuses as a protected class under vulnerable populations in research. The debates connected to embryo stem cell research and other research related to embryos are beyond the scope of this document.
- [A Loss of FACE: The Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act post Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/a-loss-of-face-the-freedom-of-access-to-clinic-entrances-act-post-dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization/): The Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act of 1994 is no longer a valid exercise of federal jurisdiction under the Fourteenth Amendment, in light of Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, nor ever was under the Commerce Clause, properly understood, per United States v. Morrison.
- [A New Family Systems Therapeutic Approach for Parents and Families of Sexual Minority Youth](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/a-new-family-systems-therapeutic-approach-for-parents-and-families-of-sexual-minority-youth/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Decreasing Disabilities by Letting Babies Die](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/decreasing-disabilities-by-letting-babies-die/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [A Road Map Through The Supreme Court’s Back Alley](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/a-road-map-through-the-supreme-courts-back-alley/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Negative Abortion Experiences: Predictors and Development of the Post-Abortion Psychological and Relational Adjustment Scale ](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/negative-abortion-experiences-predictors-and-development-of-the-post-abortion-psychological-and-relational-adjustment-scale/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Three-Parent In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): An Approach to the Position of Muslim Jurisprudence and Arab Laws—Emirati Law as a Model](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/three-parent-in-vitro-fertilization-ivf-an-approach-to-the-position-of-muslim-jurisprudence-and-arab-laws-emirati-law-as-a-model/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Medication Abortion and Preterm Birth](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/medication-abortion-and-preterm-birth/): Considerable controversy exists about the effects of medication abortion on the incidence of preterm birth (PTB). Medication abortion of various types continues to be touted as a safe alternative to surgical abortion, and without increased risk for PTB. There is a paucity of evidence regarding medication abortion and PTB, but available papers are reviewed here. There is moderate-quality evidence that medication abortions which require surgical completion increase PTB rates more than surgical abortion alone.
- [Maternal-Fetal Bonding](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/maternal-fetal-bonding/): A complex biological and psychological series of events commence at fertilization and continue through parturition between the preborn human organism and his or her mother, which extends far beyond the physical connection between an adult patient and contained tissue. This guideline reviews evidence in support of various aspects of this bond and its implications for care of the maternal patient.
- [Consensus Statement: Response to Consensus Guidelines for Facilities Performing Outpatient Procedures](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/consensus-statement-response-to-consensus-guidelines-for-facilities-performing-outpatient-procedures/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Joint Medical Statement in Support of the Born Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/joint-medical-statement-in-support-of-the-born-alive-abortion-survivors-protection-act/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Approval-Adjusted Recall Rates of High-Risk Medical Devices from 2002-2016 Across Food and Drug Administration Device Categories](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/approval-adjusted-recall-rates-of-high-risk-medical-devices-from-2002-2016-across-food-and-drug-administration-device-categories/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Abortion Safety: At Home and Abroad](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/abortion-safety-at-home-and-abroad/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [The Perinatal Revolution](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/the-perinatal-revolution/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Dr. Bernard Nathanson: A Story of Metanoia](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/dr-bernard-nathanson-a-story-of-metanoia/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Committee Opinion 1: Hippocratic Objection to Killing Human Beings in Medical Practice](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/committee-opinion-1-hippocratic-objection-to-killing-human-beings-in-medical-practice/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [“You Are Beautiful, No Matter What They Say”: Applying An Evidence-Based Approach To Body Image Law](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/you-are-beautiful-no-matter-what-they-say-applying-an-evidence-based-approach-to-body-image-law/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Re-Examining the Evidence for School-Based Comprehensive Sex Education: A Global Research Review](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/re-examining-the-evidence-for-school-based-comprehensive-sex-education-a-global-research-review/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Bringing Transparency to the Treatment of Transgender Persons](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/bringing-transparency-to-the-treatment-of-transgender-persons/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Treating Fetal Pain: Standard of Care for Some, But Not for All](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/treating-fetal-pain-standard-of-care-for-some-but-not-for-all/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Reassess the Law and Ethics of Heritable Genome Editing Interventions: Lessons for China and the World](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/reassess-the-law-and-ethics-of-heritable-genome-editing-interventions-lessons-for-china-and-the-world/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Fatherlessness Begins Prenatally: A Scoping Review](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/fatherlessness-begins-prenatally-a-scoping-review/): Men are not superfluous to the abortion process. In fact, a father’s roles and responsibilities start before the act leading to conception and continue through the pregnancy, birth, and through their children’s lives. This paper seeks to review evidence that these roles play an important part in a child’s overall development. Additionally, this paper seeks to suggest direct approaches physicians may take to encourage constructive engagement and responsibility in fathers.
- [Mentoring in Medicine — Making It Matter](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/mentoring-in-medicine-making-it-matter/): Mentors are instrumental in the professional and personal growth of healthcare professionals. However, there is often reluctance to serve as a mentor due to a variety of perceived barriers. In this article, Dr. Steven Sartori encourages and empowers healthcare professionals to engage in mentoring relationships that provide both the mentor and the mentee with a rewarding experience.
- [The New Sexual Revolution: Protecting Our Children from the Hedonistic Dangers of “Comprehensive Sex Education”](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/the-new-sexual-revolution-protecting-our-children-from-the-hedonistic-dangers-of-comprehensive-sex-education/): Children currently comprise just under 23% of our population but remain 100% of our future. It is therefore incumbent on us to ensure the most healthful future possible for them. This paper presents an evidence-based “K-12 Standard for Optimal Sexual Development” to encourage the education of children about sex risk avoidance (SRA) behaviors such as monogamy, relationship skills, and healthy psychological traits as an alternative to Comprehensive Sex Education (CSE) which is not based on age-appropriate sexual milestones or behaviors.
- [Polish Abortion Legal Framework after the Judgment of the Constitutional Court of 22 October 2020 in case no. K 1/20: Impact on Doctors](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/polish-abortion-legal-framework-after-the-judgment-of-the-constitutional-court-of-22-october-2020-in-case-no-k-1-20-impact-on-doctors/): In this article, Kamila Kocan ́da, JD, and Olga Adamczyk–Gruszka, MD, examine the rules governing the practice of abortion in Poland as a result of the Constitutional Court’s oral announcement of its judgment in case K 1/20, making abortion for embryo-pathological reasons illegal.
- [What is NOT an Abortion?](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/what-is-not-an-abortion/): This article examines the question of when termination of a pregnancy is not an “abortion” under post-Roe criminal laws. It is important to understand that medical diagnosis, and furthermore prognosis, is imprecise. Patients and physicians have a range of views regarding how much risk to patient life and health is acceptable.
- [Balancing the Needs of Society and the Individual Patient](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/balancing-the-needs-of-society-and-the-individual-patient/): In line with the Oath of Hippocrates, the American Medical Association (AMA) code of ethics states that the duty to advocate for the patient is paramount. However, many instances in healthcare expose a discrepancy between the needs of society and the needs of individual patients.
- [The First Thousand Days of Life](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/the-first-thousand-days-of-life/): The first thousand days of life, composing the 270 days of pregnancy and the first two years (730 days) of life, is at once a critical and vulnerable time for human development. It is a time in which the human person is to a large extent “embodied,” becoming the integrated mind-brain-body-spirit that defines every human being.
- [The Safety of Self-managed Abortion: A Dearth of Good-quality Evidence and a Wealth of Misrepresentation](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/the-safety-of-self-managed-abortion-a-dearth-of-good-quality-evidence-and-a-wealth-of-misrepresentation/): Self-managed abortion has been particularly prominent in recent discussions of abortion, with the rise of telemedicine abortion during the COVID-19 pandemic and the reality of self-managed illegal abortion in pro-life states following the overturning of Roe v. Wade.
- [“Three Decades of Research:” A New Sex Ed Agenda and the Veneer of Science](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/three-decades-of-research-a-new-sex-ed-agenda-and-the-veneer-of-science/): This article is a critique of the research review, “Three Decades of Research: The Case for Comprehensive Sex Education,” by Goldfarb and Lieberman (2021). That paper purports to show “strong support” for the effectiveness of school-based comprehensive sex education (CSE) at producing many benefits beyond its original goals of preventing teen pregnancy and STDs.
- [The Pregnancy Continuum in Domestic Sex Trafficking in the United States: Examining the Unspoken Gynecological, Reproductive, and Procreative Issues of Victims and Survivors](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/the-pregnancy-continuum-in-domestic-sex-trafficking-in-the-united-states-examining-the-unspoken-gynecological-reproductive-and-procreative-issues-of-victims-and-survivors/): Crucial to the fight against sex trafficking is understanding the experiences of victims and survivors. Survivor surveys have illuminated key areas to address, but a clear gap in the research is in the reproductive, gynecological, and procreative health issues of victims and survivors.
- [Chemical Abortions: With and Without Medical Supervision](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/chemical-abortions-with-and-without-medical-supervision/): Chemical abortions, otherwise known as “medication-induced” abortions, were approved by the FDA in September 2000, and now account for over 50% of abortions in the United States. Women are being encouraged to order and carry out their own abortion, without in-person supervision by health care professionals, contributing to increased risks of complications.
- [The Teenage Brain: Under Construction](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/the-teenage-brain-under-construction/): Can sexual activity, alcohol and drug use, violent video games, pornography and other activities, including use of social media, damage adolescent minds? Early high-risk behaviors appear to have significant harmful effects on the brain’s development.
- [In the Supreme Court of the United States, Brief Amicus Curiae In Support of the National Institute of Family and Life Advocates](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/in-the-supreme-court-of-the-united-states-brief-amicus-curiae-in-support-of-the-national-institute-of-family-and-life-advocates/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [“Love Them to Death”: Dutch and Italian Experiences of (Assisted) Suicide, and the Urgent Need for Human Solidarity](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/love-them-to-death-dutch-and-italian-experiences-of-assisted-suicide-and-the-urgent-need-for-human-solidarity/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Abortion and Infertility](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/abortion-and-infertility/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Legitimacy of the Legal Storage Limits for Frozen Embryos in South Korea](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/legitimacy-of-the-legal-storage-limits-for-frozen-embryos-in-south-korea/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [The Prioritization of Life-Saving Resources in a Pandemic Surge Crisis](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/the-prioritization-of-life-saving-resources-in-a-pandemic-surge-crisis/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Human Fetal Tissue from Elective Abortions in Research and Medicine: Science, Ethics, and the Law](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/human-fetal-tissue-from-elective-abortions-in-research-and-medicine-science-ethics-and-the-law/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [In the Supreme Court of the United States Brief of Amicus Curiae, In Support of Louisiana Department of Heath and Hospitals](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/in-the-supreme-court-of-the-united-states-brief-of-amicus-curiae-in-support-of-louisiana-department-of-heath-and-hospitals/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Abortion Convictions Before Roe](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/abortion-convictions-before-roe/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Fetal Pain: What is the Scientific Evidence?](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/fetal-pain-what-is-the-scientific-evidence/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Value-Based Costing of Anti-Cancer Drugs: An Ethical Perspective Grounded in Catholic Teachings on Human Dignity and the Common Good](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/value-based-costing-of-anti-cancer-drugs-an-ethical-perspective-grounded-in-catholic-teachings-on-human-dignity-and-the-common-good/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Sexual Minorities who Reject an LGB Identity: Who Are They and Why Does It Matter?](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/sexual-minorities-who-reject-an-lgb-identity-who-are-they-and-why-does-it-matter/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Deaths and Severe Adverse Events after the use of Mifepristone as an Abortifacient from September 2000 to February 2019](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/deaths-and-severe-adverse-events-after-the-use-of-mifepristone-as-an-abortifacient-from-september-2000-to-february-2019/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [The Reform of the Newborn Screening Policy: Spinal Muscular Atrophy](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/the-reform-of-the-newborn-screening-policy-spinal-muscular-atrophy/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Autonomous Care Pathway to Patient Opioid Abstinence: Should All Programs Offer this Approach?](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/autonomous-care-pathway-to-patient-opioid-abstinence-should-all-programs-offer-this-approach/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Liability in the Time of Coronavirus: The Ethical Necessity of Expanding the Legal Protections Afforded to Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/liability-in-the-time-of-coronavirus-the-ethical-necessity-of-expanding-the-legal-protections-afforded-to-healthcare-workers-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [COVID-19 Vaccination: Guidance for Ethical, Informed Consent in a  National Context](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/covid-19-vaccination-guidance-for-ethical-informed-consent-in-a-national-context/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Neurorights: The Debate About New Legal Safeguards to Protect the Mind](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/neurorights-the-debate-about-new-legal-safeguards-to-protect-the-mind/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Alta Fixsler: Medico-legal Paternalism in UK Paediatric Best Interest Decisions](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/alta-fixsler-medico-legal-paternalism-in-uk-paediatric-best-interest-decisions/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [Hormonal Contraceptives and Post-fertilization Effects](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/hormonal-contraceptives-and-post-fertilization-effects/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF
- [The Changing Face of Feticide in Multiple Pregnancies](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/articles/the-changing-face-of-feticide-in-multiple-pregnancies/): Online Article Coming Soon. Click here to download Article PDF

## Authors

- [Christopher J. Doyle, MA, LPC, LCPC](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=christopher-j-doyle-ma-lpc-lcpc)
- [Nataliia Vasiuk](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=nataliia-vasiuk)
- [American Association of Pro-Life Obstetricans & Gynecologists](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=american-association-of-pro-life-obstetricans-gynecologists)
- [Ingrid Skop](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=ingrid-skop)
- [James Studnicki](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=james-studnicki)
- [Tessa Longbons Cox](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=tessa-longbons-cox)
- [John W. Fisher](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=john-w-fisher)
- [Christina A. Cirucci](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=christina-a-cirucci)
- [David C. Reardon](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=david-c-reardon)
- [Christopher Craver](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=christopher-craver)
- [Maka Tsulukidze](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=maka-tsulukidze)
- [Zbigniew Ras](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=zbigniew-ras)
- [American Association of Pro-Life Obstetricians & Gynecologists](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=american-association-of-pro-life-obstetricians-gynecologists)
- [Assya Pascalev](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=assya-pascalev)
- [Kristof Van Assche](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=kristof-van-assche)
- [George Delgado](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=george-delgado)
- [Steven J. Condly](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=steven-j-condly)
- [Mary Davenport](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=mary-davenport)
- [Thidarat Tinnakornsrisuphap](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=thidarat-tinnakornsrisuphap)
- [Jonathan Mack](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=jonathan-mack)
- [Veronica Khauv](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=veronica-khauv)
- [Paul S. Zhou](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=paul-s-zhou)
- [Joel Brind](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=joel-brind)
- [Angela Lanfranchi](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=angela-lanfranchi)
- [Brent Rooney](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=brent-rooney)
- [John Keown](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=john-keown)
- [American College of Pediatricians](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=american-college-of-pediatricians)
- [Meliha Sermin Paksoy](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=meliha-sermin-paksoy)
- [Zeynep Taner](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=zeynep-taner)
- [Michael Valley](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=michael-valley)
- [Aaron Kheriaty](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=aaron-kheriaty)
- [Alexander Gariti](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=alexander-gariti)
- [Piotr Lisowski](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=piotr-lisowski)
- [Mahesh Ananth](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=mahesh-ananth)
- [Andrew Steele](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=andrew-steele)
- [Toni C. Saad](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=toni-c-saad)
- [Comeron W. Ghobadi](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=comeron-w-ghobadi)
- [Ofelya Gevorgyan](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=ofelya-gevorgyan)
- [Caroline E. Bednarski](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=caroline-e-bednarski)
- [Emily L. Hayman](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=emily-l-hayman)
- [Jessica R. Walter](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=jessica-r-walter)
- [Shuai Xu](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=shuai-xu)
- [Matthew P. Harrison](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=matthew-p-harrison)
- [Nora Sullivan](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=nora-sullivan)
- [Eoghan de Faoite](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=eoghan-de-faoite)
- [Patrick James (Paddy Jim) Baggot](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=patrick-james-paddy-jim-baggot)
- [Rocel Medina Baggot](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=rocel-medina-baggot)
- [Martin McCaffrey](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=martin-mccaffrey)
- [Rodovan Blažek](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=rodovan-blazek)
- [Margita Prokeinová](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=margita-prokeinova)
- [Catherine T. Coyle](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=catherine-t-coyle)
- [Martha W. Shuping](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=martha-w-shuping)
- [Anne Speckhard](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=anne-speckhard)
- [Jennie E. Brightup](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=jennie-e-brightup)
- [Steven W. Mosher](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=steven-w-mosher)
- [Anne R. Morse](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=anne-r-morse)
- [Jennifer Kimball](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=jennifer-kimball)
- [Byron C. Calhoun](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=byron-c-calhoun)
- [Jeffrey J. Pauls](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=jeffrey-j-pauls)
- [Carl Landwehr](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=carl-landwehr)
- [Clarke Forsythe](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=clarke-forsythe)
- [Burk Schaible](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=burk-schaible)
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- [Murray Joseph Casey](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=murray-joseph-casey)
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- [Debbie Garratt](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=debbie-garratt)
- [David L. Rosenthal](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=david-l-rosenthal)
- [Paul Benjamin Linton](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=paul-benjamin-linton)
- [Patrick Fagan](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=patrick-fagan)
- [Daniel Wechter](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=daniel-wechter)
- [Donna Harrison](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=donna-harrison)
- [Li Zhenkang](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=li-zhenkang)
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- [Michael Varveris](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=michael-varveris)
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- [Cole Stull](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=cole-stull)
- [Derek M Doroski](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=derek-m-doroski)
- [Zachary B. Sluzala](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/?taxonomy=_authors&term=zachary-b-sluzala)

## Keywords

- [Fertility-Awareness Based Methods](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/fertility-awareness-based-methods/)
- [Infertility](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/infertility/)
- [Contraception](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/contraception/)
- [Family Planning](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/family-planning/)
- [Reproductive Health](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/reproductive-health/)
- [Medical Education](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/medical-education/)
- [Paternal Involvement](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/paternal-involvement/)
- [Fatherlessness](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/fatherlessness/)
- [Prenatal](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/prenatal/)
- [Abortion](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/abortion/)
- [Legal Issues](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/legal-issues/)
- [Termination of Pregnancy for Eugenic Reasons](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/termination-of-pregnancy-for-eugenic-reasons/)
- [Judgment of the Polish Constitutional Court in Case K 1/20 of 22 October 2020](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/judgment-of-the-polish-constitutional-court-in-case-k-1-20-of-22-october-2020/)
- [Preterm Birth](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/preterm-birth/)
- [Surgical Abortion](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/surgical-abortion/)
- [ACOG](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/acog/)
- [Mentoring](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/mentoring/)
- [Sex Education](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/sex-education/)
- [Non-Representation](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/non-representation/)
- [Public Health](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/public-health/)
- [Development](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/development/)
- [Self-Managed Abortion](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/self-managed-abortion/)
- [Post Dobbs](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/post-dobbs/)
- [Sex Trafficking](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/sex-trafficking/)
- [Survivors](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/survivors/)
- [Chemical Abortion](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/chemical-abortion/)
- [Alcohol](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/alcohol/)
- [Drug Use](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/drug-use/)
- [Pornography](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/pornography/)
- [Violent Video Games](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/violent-video-games/)
- [Brain Development](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/brain-development/)
- [Feticide](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/feticide/)
- [Multifetal Pregnancy Reduction](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/multifetal-pregnancy-reduction/)
- [Abortifacient](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/abortifacient/)
- [Embryo loss](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/embryo-loss/)
- [Hormonal Contraceptives](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/hormonal-contraceptives/)
- [Ovulation Inhibition](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/ovulation-inhibition/)
- [Post-fertilization Effect](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/post-fertilization-effect/)
- [Medico-legal Paternalism](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/medico-legal-paternalism/)
- [Neurorights](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/neurorights/)
- [Neurotechnology](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/neurotechnology/)
- [Human Rights](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/human-rights/)
- [COVID-19](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/covid-19/)
- [Vaccination](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/vaccination/)
- [Informed Consent](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/informed-consent/)
- [Legal Protections](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/legal-protections/)
- [Pregnancy](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/pregnancy/)
- [Substance Abuse](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/substance-abuse/)
- [Therapeutic Substitution](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/therapeutic-substitution/)
- [Newborn Screening](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/newborn-screening/)
- [SMA](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/sma/)
- [National Health Policy](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/national-health-policy/)
- [Fertilization](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/fertilization/)
- [When Life Begins](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/when-life-begins/)
- [When a Human's Life Begins](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/when-a-humans-life-begins/)
- [Science Communication](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/science-communication/)
- [Personhood](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/personhood/)
- [Scientific Consensus](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/scientific-consensus/)
- [Mifepristone](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/mifepristone/)
- [Mifeprex](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/mifeprex/)
- [RU-486](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/ru-486/)
- [Misoprostol](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/misoprostol/)
- [Abortion Pill](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/abortion-pill/)
- [Medical Abortion Complications](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/medical-abortion-complications/)
- [No Touch Abortion](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/no-touch-abortion/)
- [DIY Abortion](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/diy-abortion/)
- [Self-Administered Abortion](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/self-administered-abortion/)
- [Adverse Events](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/adverse-events/)
- [Adverse Event Reports](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/adverse-event-reports/)
- [Post-marketing Surveillance](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/post-marketing-surveillance/)
- [FAERS](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/faers/)
- [Drug Safety](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/drug-safety/)
- [Emergency Medicine](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/emergency-medicine/)
- [FDA](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/fda/)
- [REMS](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/rems/)
- [Risk Evaluation Mitigation Strategy](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/risk-evaluation-mitigation-strategy/)
- [Sexual Identity](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/sexual-identity/)
- [Religion](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/religion/)
- [Health](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/health/)
- [LGBTQ](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/lgbtq/)
- [Minority Stress](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/minority-stress/)
- [Anti-cancer Drugs](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/anti-cancer-drugs/)
- [Human Dignity](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/human-dignity/)
- [Pharmaceutical](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/pharmaceutical/)
- [Roe](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/roe/)
- [Fetal Pain](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/fetal-pain/)
- [Pediatric Pain](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/pediatric-pain/)
- [Neontal Pain](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/neontal-pain/)
- [Human Fetal Tissue](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/human-fetal-tissue/)
- [Amicus Curiae Brief](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/amicus-curiae-brief/)
- [Pandemic](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/pandemic/)
- [Ethics](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/ethics/)
- [Embryo](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/embryo/)
- [Embryo Storage](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/embryo-storage/)
- [Frozen Embryo](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/frozen-embryo/)
- [Storage Limit](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/storage-limit/)
- [Law](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/law/)
- [Social Context](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/social-context/)
- [South Korea](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/south-korea/)
- [Assisted Suicide](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/assisted-suicide/)
- [Euthanasia](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/euthanasia/)
- [Supreme Court](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/supreme-court/)
- [Genome Editing](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/genome-editing/)
- [Transgender](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/transgender/)
- [Sex Education Effectiveness](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/sex-education-effectiveness/)
- [Comprehensive Sex Education](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/comprehensive-sex-education/)
- [Teenage Pregnancy](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/teenage-pregnancy/)
- [Abstinence Education](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/abstinence-education/)
- [Body Image Law](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/body-image-law/)
- [Hippocratic Oath](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/hippocratic-oath/)
- [Conscientious Objection](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/conscientious-objection/)
- [Metanoia](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/metanoia/)
- [Perinatal](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/perinatal/)
- [Fetal Therapy](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/fetal-therapy/)
- [Perinatal Hospice](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/perinatal-hospice/)
- [Medical Device Recalls](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/medical-device-recalls/)
- [21st Century Cures Act](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/21st-century-cures-act/)
- [Medical Devices and User Fee Act](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/medical-devices-and-user-fee-act/)
- [Lockdowns](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/lockdowns/)
- [Public Health Law](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/public-health-law/)
- [Economy](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/economy/)
- [Stem Cell Research](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/stem-cell-research/)
- [Attachment](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/attachment/)
- [Bonding](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/bonding/)
- [Interventions](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/interventions/)
- [Medication Abortion](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/medication-abortion/)
- [Human Fetus](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/human-fetus/)
- [Conscience](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/conscience/)
- [Opinion](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/opinion/)
- [Objection](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/objection/)
- [Mental Health](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/mental-health/)
- [Three-Parent in Vitro Fertilization (IVF)](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/three-parent-in-vitro-fertilization-ivf/)
- [Muslim Jurisprudence (Fiqh)](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/muslim-jurisprudence-fiqh/)
- [Emirati Law](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/emirati-law/)
- [IVF](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/ivf/)
- [Regulations](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/regulations/)
- [Disability](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/disability/)
- [Justice](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/justice/)
- [Message framing](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/message-framing/)
- [Palliative](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/palliative/)
- [Periviability](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/periviability/)
- [Unethical](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/unethical/)
- [Conversion therapy](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/conversion-therapy/)
- [Change therapy](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/change-therapy/)
- [sexual minority youth](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/sexual-minority-youth/)
- [family systems therapy](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/family-systems-therapy/)
- [minors](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/minors/)
- [religious families](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/religious-families/)
- [rejecting families](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/rejecting-families/)
- [Chorioamnionitis](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/chorioamnionitis/)
- [Previable IOL](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/previable-iol/)
- [United Kingdom](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/united-kingdom/)
- [Life of the Mother](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/life-of-the-mother/)
- [Quality of Medical Care](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/quality-of-medical-care/)
- [Quality Management](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/quality-management/)
- [Health Care Measures](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/health-care-measures/)
- [Social Protection](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/social-protection/)
- [Martial Law](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/martial-law/)
- [Public Policy](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/public-policy/)
- [Standards of Medical Services](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/standards-of-medical-services/)
- [Medical Reform in Ukraine and the World](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/medical-reform-in-ukraine-and-the-world/)
- [Medical Law](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/medical-law/)
- [Health Care System](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/health-care-system/)
- [International Financing](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/international-financing/)
- [In Vitro Fertilization](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/in-vitro-fertilization/)
- [Alabama](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/alabama/)
- [Abortion Restrictions](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/abortion-restrictions/)
- [Abortion Rights](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/abortion-rights/)
- [Induced Abortion](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/induced-abortion/)
- [Miscarriage](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/miscarriage/)
- [Counseling](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/counseling/)
- [Resources](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/resources/)
- [Body Transplantation](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/body-transplantation/)
- [APR](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/apr/)
- [Abortion Pill Reversal](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/abortion-pill-reversal/)
- [Progesterone](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/progesterone/)
- [Breast Cancer](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/breast-cancer/)
- [Best Interest](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/best-interest/)
- [Mandatory Vaccination](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/mandatory-vaccination/)
- [Preventive Medical Intervention](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/preventive-medical-intervention/)
- [Right to Reject a Medical Intervention](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/right-to-reject-a-medical-intervention/)
- [Vaccine Refusal](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/vaccine-refusal/)
- [Tetanus](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/tetanus/)
- [Turnaway Study](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/turnaway-study/)
- [Narcotic Substances](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/narcotic-substances/)
- [Decriminalisation](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/decriminalisation/)
- [Drug Legislation](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/drug-legislation/)
- [Cannabis](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/cannabis/)
- [Opiates](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/opiates/)
- [Organ Donation](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/organ-donation/)
- [Casuistry](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/casuistry/)
- [Moral Judgments](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/moral-judgments/)
- [Medical Decision-making](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/medical-decision-making/)
- [Paradigm Cases](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/paradigm-cases/)
- [Bioethics](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/bioethics/)
- [Belgium](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/belgium/)
- [Medical Ethics](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/medical-ethics/)
- [Medical Malpractice](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/medical-malpractice/)
- [Fetal Anomaly](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/fetal-anomaly/)
- [Down Syndrome](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/down-syndrome/)
- [Prematurity](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/prematurity/)
- [Unwanted Newborns](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/unwanted-newborns/)
- [Violence](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/violence/)
- [HIV Infection](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/hiv-infection/)
- [Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA)](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/depot-medroxyprogesterone-acetate-dmpa/)
- [Planned Parenthood](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/planned-parenthood/)
- [Maternal Mortality](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/maternal-mortality/)
- [Special Needs](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/special-needs/)
- [Medical Experiments](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/medical-experiments/)
- [Islamic Jurisprudence](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/islamic-jurisprudence/)
- [Arab Laws](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/arab-laws/)
- [Affordable Care Act](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/affordable-care-act/)
- [Adoption](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/adoption/)
- [APGD](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/apgd/)
- [Proxy Data](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/proxy-data/)
- [Anti-Discrimination Law](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/anti-discrimination-law/)
- [AI](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/ai/)
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- [Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization](https://issuesinlawandmedicine.com/keywords/dobbs-v-jackson-womens-health-organization/)
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